Robot-assisted surgery currently operates at the lowest level of autonomy. However, the integration of guidance features during surgical procedures has the potential to increase this to Level 1: robotic assistance.

One example of such a feature is the ability to provide direct visualisation of three-dimensional reconstructions in a picture-in-picture format on the surgeon’s console screen. This enhancement supports more informed and precise decision-making during procedures involving robotic systems.

This new form of robotic guidance has recently been introduced into surgical practice at one of the participating research sites.